展示技术

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展示技术范文第1篇

服务器

惠普

惠普的BladeSystem C-Class刀片服务器系统使用了能量智控这一关键技术以实现节能降耗，通过内置的仪器对刀片机箱内的能耗和散热情况进行精确地监控，并对电源和散热的分配进行调节。

HP Integrity服务器的虚拟化和整合技术可以大幅节省电源和散热成本，并且还提供了新的电源管理技术，如面向ProLiant产品的电流调节器，可以在不影响性能的前提下应对能耗挑战。

此外，惠普的动态智能散热技术能够让数据中心的成本降低20%～45%，并将二氧化碳的年排放量减少18000吨;模块化散热系统可以将一个机架的标准散热能力提升到原来的3倍，也就是30千瓦；借助惠普电流限定技术，用户还可以将服务器密度提高40%。

戴尔

戴尔的PowerEdge M1000e是一款高度模块化的刀片服务器，该产品采用了FlexIO技术，拥有比其上一代刀片服务器更多的I/O插槽，可对I/O架构进行灵活高效的升级和扩展。因此，用户只需要添加级联或堆叠模块，即可完成对刀片服务器I/O能力的扩展。可以说，这种模块化的设计简化了用户升级和优化系统的难度，同时也让企业能灵活地应对业务上的各种变化，这对于企业来说就是一种资源的节约。

此外，戴尔的刀片服务器还采用了智能节能（Energy Smart）技术，并在高能效机柜、低能耗风扇和动态电源管理等方面都做了节能设计。以动态电源管理技术为例，该技术可以让用户自行设置电源功率的阀值，让刀片服务器在用户自己认可的功率范围内工作，从而避免能源的不必要消耗。

联想

联想万全R525是一款能够诠释节能环保理念的服务器，其支持联想自有的LECOT能耗优化技术，产品采用高转换效率的部件，以帮助服务器节省在电源转换中消耗的电能；支持动态的按需供电技术，可以节省服务器空闲状态下不必要的电能消耗，“1+1”热插拔冗余电源模块提供的高转换效率能有效地降低系统功耗；通过侦测关键部件的工作状况，实时地调节系统功耗和散热量，以节省不必要的功率消耗，减少用户在电能方面的投入，并大幅降低用户运营成本。

此外，万全R525配备有机柜规划工具，该工具以机柜为单位精确地计算输入功率、散热量峰值及重量，能帮助用户进行机柜供电、散热及承重规划，以降低整体机房固定资产拥有成本。

富士通

富士通的绿色刀片服务器FUJITSU PRIMERGY BX620S4采用了多方位的环保设计理念，该产品具有负载均衡、高可用性和高度的横向可扩展性，这些无疑都提高了服务器的集成效率和使用效率，同时也大幅度降低了环境负荷。

此外，FUJITSU Systemwalker RCVE虚拟化管理软件有效地减少了刀片服务器的系统管理工作量，降低了系统的总拥有成本。Systemwalker RCVE管理软件只需要简单的步骤即可将刀片服务器连接到现有的SAN环境中，这就简化了SAN环境中服务器的管理难度，并降低了因人为错误造成的损失。与此同时，通过VMware HA及一台共用的备用服务器，物理服务器和虚拟服务器可以自动恢复，这就让虚拟化技术的节能优势得到了更好的发挥。

浪潮

浪潮英信NF290D2是一款低功耗、稳定可靠、高性价比的2U双路全能服务器，散热系统、模块化及热插拔的冗余设计使其在有限的空间内实现了可靠性、可扩展性和高性能。

事实上，浪潮在服务器领域的绿色节能方面的设计主要包括以下三个方面:第一，在物理服务器上进行的设计，比如整个机箱风道的设计尽量利用物理或流体力学的方法，用尽量少的风扇和功耗达到同样的散热目的，并进一步地降低能耗；第二，采用高效的电源处理和电源管理，比如晚上12点服务器基本不工作，这时系统会自动降低电源消耗，如果白天是1000瓦，那么夜间则降到600瓦、500瓦或者更低；第三是管理，浪潮专门推出了一套基于业务的功率管理系统，其能够实时地反映出业务情况的负载，并且反映出服务器的负载，还可以调整服务器业务的部署，甚至服务器的功耗情况。

交换机

惠普

HP ProCurve Switch 8212zl是惠普“绿色”交换机的代表，其是一款具备高性能和高可用的机箱式交换机平台，支持统一的核心到边缘适应性网络解决方案;其平台与软件高可用性的特性，可以确保系统持续运行并提高网络生产效率。

在降低能耗方面，HP ProCurve使用了各种节能技术，如LLDP-MED可变风扇等；尽可能采用基于机箱的交换机；在不工作的时候关闭PoE；根据实际应用选择电源和UPS。

此外，HP ProCurve系列几乎所有产品都提供终身保修、软件升级、技术支持和第二工作日替换等免费服务，这些对于减少碳排放和节约成本起到了至关重要的作用，因为产品的使用寿命会因终身保修而延长，用户就不用频繁地更换设备，也不用再处理老设备带来的电子废料。

迈普

为了实现交换机的绿色节能，迈普应用了多种技术优化产品设计。首先，通过采用高性能的交错式PFC控制技术提高交换机电源模块的电源转换效率，这将传统的电源转换效率从70%～80%提高到了85%。

其次，全面应用了以太板卡的以太端口休眠功能，对于不用的端口或者没有数据传输的端口大幅降低了接口芯片的功耗，对于GE电口的8根网线全部传输数据时的高功耗也实现了有效的降低，当使用闲置端口休眠或不使用时，能够降低40%左右的功耗。同时，采用高密度的业务板卡降低功耗，通过提高板卡的密度来降低单端口的功耗。

此外，大容量的主机、灵活的业务板卡升级功能设计延长了设备的使用寿命;优化的整机结构设计，加强了整机的散热性能，竖插槽的设计则利用了自然散热的原理大幅降低了散热设备的功耗。

极进

极进网络的BlackDiamond 8810是一款标准的万兆核心交换机，作为服务网络骨干或数据中心的核心交换机，其工作时间一般都是7×24小时，因此低能耗设计带来的电力节省就相当可观了。该设备可以安装最多6个电源模块，每个电源模块功率为1200W，用户可以根据需求灵活配置电源模块数量，且所有的板卡均采用低能耗设计。

此外，BlackDiamond 8810采用了高可靠的模块化交换机操作系统ExtremeXOS，同时也集成了一些节电环保特性，如支持PoE（以太网供电）接口模块，这样就可以自动地按时间计划激活系统；休眠端口功能，例如下班时间PoE网络端口可以按计划自动休眠，停止为无线网AP或IP电话供电，上班时间再激活端口，从而进一步节省电力消耗。

存储

UIT

UIT绿色存储的核心是设计运行温度更低的处理器和更有效率的系统，生产更低能耗的存储系统或组件，降低产品所产生的二氧化碳，而其所应用的主要技术是MAID（Massive Arrays of Idle Disks，大规模非活动磁盘阵列存储）――在正常状态下所有的磁带都放置在磁带库的槽位中，需要某盘磁带时才将它放在磁带机中，然后进行数据读写。而在大部分时间，大多数磁带是处在非工作状态的。

UIT BM3800B是UIT推出的一款具有MAID绿色存储功能的光纤通道存储设备，其在绿色节能方面具有以下几个重要的功能和特点：磁盘或磁盘RAID组可以在没有读写访问时依据策略下电；下电磁盘自动按照策略进行故障检查；磁盘在下电以后，一旦有读写请求，磁盘自动上电，RAID组可重新提供正常访问；降低能耗，电能节约可达到30%；减少环境和管理成本；更长的磁盘使用寿命。

日立

日立认为，存储基础架构对能源的消耗是与磁盘数直接挂钩的，而非储存的数据量，所以容量的密度越大就意味着能耗效率越高，因此利用虚拟化来部署分层存储和实施通用管理架构能够大大提高资源的利用率。

日立的USP产品不仅配有基于控制器的虚拟化引擎，还可以将控制器与存储介质相分离，允许企业将其直连式存储系统、网络附加式存储系统和存储区域网络都整合到一个存储平台中，使用户可以在短短几秒钟内将存储空间分配（或解除分配）给某个应用。

此外，日立还基于USP V平台在企业级虚拟层实现了Thin Provisioning(动态精细化预配置)功能：USP V与Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning(动态与配置)软件的结合使用户能够在一个整合的解决方案中同时获得外部存储虚拟化的好处以及由Thin Provisioning带来的电力和冷却成本方面的优势。

飞康

飞康在两年前就与COPAN合作，将MAID（大规模非活动磁盘阵列）技术导入了VTL，这就节省了设备闲置时所消耗的电能；其新一代VTL具备重复数据删除技术，可以帮助用户节省大量备份所需的磁盘空间；IPStor具备的存储资源按需分配（Thin Provisioning）功能，更将存储资源的利用率从低于30%提高到80%以上，使用户现有的存储投资能得以继续利用。

此外，飞康VTL企业版可以扩展远程复制功能，用户可以利用WAN广域网络将备份数据复制到远程，并实现异地灾备。在执行远程复制时，本地和远程的VTL会自动比对单一存储区内有没有相同数据，只有不重复的数据才会被复制并传输到远程，这可以减少95%的网络带宽使用率。

SEPATON

SEPATON实现“绿色”存储的关键技术手段主要是重复数据删除、自动精简配置及数据压缩等，其中重复数据删除和自动精简配置最能大幅度削减能源消耗。SEPATON的DeltaStor软件利用其“内容已知（ContentAware）”架构，以字节为单位进行全面的数据比较，以确保数据的完整性，并且在主要数据传输路径之外执行重复数据删除，使其性能不受影响。Deltastor软件能提供多节点可扩展性，并可以处理PB级数据。

据悉，利用DeltaStor技术后，存储数据占用的空间相比以前为1∶50，这样就节约了高达62%的数据中心空间，以及85%的能源和散热成本。同时，采用ContentAware架构，SEPATON为日后扩大容量、提高性能打下了基础，在面临数据中心需求不断变化的情况下，可以有效地保护用户已有的投资，避免造成浪费。

昆腾

据悉，Quantum DXi系列磁盘备份系统能够在整个企业中扩大重复数据删除技术的优势，重复数据删除技术可以使磁盘需求降低90%甚至更多。借助该技术还能够实现快速备份和还原，并减少了对介质的使用，对电源和冷却的要求也更低，整体数据保护和保留成本还相应降低。

Quantum DXi7500是一款高可用性企业磁盘备份系统，可以作为磁盘备份系统运行，在这种情况下，利用传统的虚拟磁带库接口就能提供更高的吞吐量，同时也可以作为启用了重复数据删除功能的磁盘备份和远程复制系统。

此外，DXi7500还拥有直接磁带创建功能，让用户能够将存储在磁盘上的备份数据自动迁移到磁带上以进行更长期的保留，而这一操作是在后台进行的，因此对用户的介质服务器或备份SAN没有任何影响。

华赛

华赛将绿色环保的每一个细节都落实到了OceanStor磁盘阵列的产品设计中。

展示技术范文第2篇

关键词 计算机软件；移动设备；信息展示；多通道

Abstract 中图分类号 TP 311文献标识码A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2011.01.022

Abstract An Overview of Mobile Information Presentation Techniques

关键词 FENG LingQIAO Lin

(Department of Computer Science & Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100089，China)

【Abstract 】 The popularity of hand-held mobile devices is growing. Compared with traditional desktop computers, these mobile devices have distinct limitations, including tiny display, low resolution, scarce computing resources, bandwidth fluctuation, ad-hoc communication, voluntary disconnection, etc., presenting new challenges to mobile human-computer interaction. In this survey paper, we overview some recently developed techniques for diverse information presentation on mobile devices through visual, audio, and tactile channels.

【Key words】computer software; mobile device; information presentation; multi-channel

0 Introduction

Mobile devices have gained increasingly popularity due to its portability nature. People use these small mobile devices to manage personal information, do simple work with poor processing requirements, or remotely control PCs and computerized appliances [1]. Nowadays, the use of mobile devices has penetrated into the domains of education, business, military, etc.

Compared with traditional desktop computers, mobile devices have many limitations in terms of 1) small-sized display with poor resolution, few colors, and different width/height ratio from the normal setup; 2) constrained CPU processing and memory capacities; 3) slow connection with fluctuated bandwidth; and 4) unfriendly user input facilities (ordinarily used keyboard and handwriting demand lots of screen space, incurring quite inaccurate results) [2,3].

Due to these large differences, the classic desktop solutions cannot directly be adopted to mobile user interface design. [4,5] made a good summary of the main challenges in mobile human-computer interaction. In this study, we are particularly concerned about information presentation on mobile devices. After a brief description of the major challenges upon mobile information presentation, we overview some latest development of information presentation techniques for mobile devices through diverse channels including visual, audio, and tactile channels.

1 Main Challenges for Mobile Information Presentation

The inherent characteristics of mobile devices lead to the following design considerations for mobile information presentation.

-Mobile devices have limited interaction facilities. Constrained by small screen size, poor-quality sound output, and tiny keypad, no-handed or simple interaction operations during information presentation are always preferred. In line with human's perceptual and cognitive ``top-down" behavior, outputting the most useful or high-leveled information and then letting users decide whether or not to retrieve details further constitute a good strategy for information output [5].

-Mobile devices are portable. Users carrying mobile devices can enter multiple and dynamic contexts embedded with various sensors and networks. These unreliable or patchy sensors may also bring incomplete and varying context information. It would be desirable to permit users to configure output to their needs and preferences (e.g., content precision, text size, brightness, etc.) to tailor to the user's current environment [4,5].

-Mobile users have poor focus. User focus is a massive issue, as in a mobile environment, frequency of interruptions is likely to be much higher than on desktops. The information presentation process shall be easily stopped, started, and resumed with little or no effort to enable to switch user’s attention from the device to his/her activity itself. Besides, a multi-modality option via sound or tactile channel can be adopted to prevent user's too much attention in reading the content on mobile devices [5].

-Mobile devices have a widespread population. Simple user interface should be designed, because users often don't have any formal training in their technologies. Besides, it must allow for personalization, providing users the ability to change settings themselves. Also, the information presentation should be visually pleasing and fun as well as usable to offer enjoyment [5].

Among the challenges, one prototypical big problem facing mobile device user interface designers is how to effectively and efficiently present a large amount of information contents on tiny screens. The most common strategy on desktop computers with relatively large screens is using scrollable viewports that reveal a subpart of the data [6]. However, this strategy can hardly be applied to mobile devices, since people often use mobile devices on-the-go, making it difficult for them to drag scroll bars. In addition, as scrollable viewports present only a subpart of data while hiding most of the data, they provide very limited contextual information to users [6]. Therefore, many human-interface researchers are trying new methods to enable and enhance information presentation on mobile devices, utilizing visual, audio, and/or tactile channels. We review these great efforts in the following sections.

2 Information Presentation via Visual Channel

The ways to visually present contents vary from the types of contents (e.g., Web pages, texts, images, maps, or structured data, etc.) to be displayed [2].

2.1 Web Page Presentation

Mobile Web search receives great attention nowadays. Web contents, mostly designed for desktop computers, are badly suited for mobile devices [7,8]. Currently, the majority of commercially available mobile web browsers use single-column viewing mode to avoid horizontal scroll. But this approach tends to have much more vertical scrolls and destroys the layout of original view.

Based on small- and large-scaled user studies, [9,10] provided a list of general principles for Web page display. They are: 1) developing phone-based applications to enable direct and simple access to focused valuable contents; 2) trimming the page-to-page navigation down to a minimum; 3) providing more rather than less information for each search result; 4) using simple hierarchies which are similar to the phone menus that users are already familiar with; 5) adapting for vertical scrolling or reducing the amount of vertical scrolling by simplifying the text to be displayed; 6) reducing the number of users' keystrokes; 7) providing a quick way for users to know whether a search result points to a conventional HTML page or a small screened optimized page; 8) pre-processing conventional pages for better usability in small screen contexts; and 9) combining theoretical and empirical evaluation to gain further insights [9].

In order to deliver adaptive Web contents to mobile devices, researchers attempt to re-author web pages by means of presentation optimization, semantic conversion, or zooming, etc., which can be done at server side, intermediate side, or client side [11].

1) Re-authoring Web Pages at Server Sides

Server-side adaptation provides Web page authors maximum control over content delivery to mobile devices [11]. [12] reported a system which used the W3C's Document Object Model (DOM) API to generate an XML tree-like structure, as well as the Extensible Style Sheet Language Transformations (XSLT) to generate Wireless Markup Language (WML) and HTML content for display on mobile devices. This system could also adapt to users' dynamic contexts. [13] presented another system which could adapt multimedia Web documents to optimally match the capabilities of the client's mobile devices. In a scheme called InfoPyramid, content items on a Web page were transcoded into multiple resolution and modality versions, so that they could be rendered on different devices. Customers could select the best parameters from the InfoPyramids to meet the resource constraints of the client's devices while still guarantee the most “value” [13].

2) Re-authoring Web Pages at Intermediate Sides

Proxies typically apply intermediate adaptation [11]. Today, many of web page visualization efforts fall into this category. Without changing the layout of original web pages, [14] reduced the size of images which were larger than that of mobile screens and removed media which mobile devices did not support. [7] described a scaled-down version to fit the mobile devices screen. Images embedded in a web page and the Internet address bar were removed; and the font size of textual contents was adjusted by the user [7]. The focus+context visualization was also employed in the display of mobile Web. Users could choose what they are interested in with a large font size, while other information in the surrounding area can be displayed in a reduced font size [7].

Currently, Web page transcoding is a widely used approach. [7,15] applied a DOM tree generation and navigation technique for mobile Web interface. Content blocks with extracted labels and their relationships in a web page were automatically identified in the DOM tree. A Web page on mobile devices was represented as a hierarchical structure of content blocks. At the beginning, the highest level of a generated DOM tree was given to the user. If the user was interested in some sub-topics, s/he could click the node to expand it to the next level. Some researchers proposed to do a Web-page semantic segmentation based on a DOM tree [16,17], because they think DOM tree is in disorder in semantic sense. [17] applied type analysis based on the refined typing system to generate blocks.

[18] considered to split a Web page's structure into smaller but logically related units. A two-level hierarchy was used with a thumbnail representation at the top level to provide a global view and an index to a set of subpages at the bottom level for detailed information. [19] introduced heuristics for structure-aware Web transcoding which considered a Web page's structure and the relative importance of its components. [8] proposed to display a web page as a thumbnail view, but preserving the original page layout, so that users could identify the overall page structure and recognize pages they previously viewed. This method provides readable text fragments which allow users to disambiguate the desired information from similar looking areas. When users zoom in for the interesting information, the original unabbreviated version of the page will be shown. During the zooming operation, the thumbnail view and the detail views look similar, so that users can recognize the thumbnail view corresponding to the detail view [8]. [20,21] proposed to show Web pages in a modified original layout, where texts and images on a Web page are scaled to fit the display width. First, the size of the text relative to the rest of the page contents is modified and the browser viewport is limited. Second, a scaled down version of the whole page is overlaid with an indication of the current viewport at the top. Web contents can also be taken out of table cells and shown one after another in the order specified in markup files.

3) Re-authoring Web Pages at Client Sides

A client device can use style sheets to format contents in a browser [11]. For instance, the font size of textual contents can be adjusted by users [7]. Together with the above intermediate-side approaches, by storing user's operations with the DOM tree in a profile, the system could automatically generate a DOM-tree with branches expanded or hidden according to users' interests [7].

Along with the popularity of mobile Web search, Google's PDA mobile Web search interface differs from its XHTML interface in the following three main aspects [22]: 1) it only offers Web and Image searches; 2) it displays the same snippet as desktop search, and 3) no trancoding is performed before displaying a clicked link. In [23], the mobile search interface provided automatic search result categories to present the user with an overview of the result set. In addition, the interface utilized a focus+context method to help present the result list. Researchers have also proposed many novel approaches to mobile search by considering context information. [24] provided a novel interface which is well-adapted to the need of mobile users. They provided historical query and result selection data for users to navigate through on an interactive map-based interface.

Mobile devices and mobile Internet bring extremely challenging to mobile search. In order to understanding the needs of mobile search, many researchers [22,25,26] studied mobile search patterns. [25] conducted a large-scale study on English mobile queries from the US, Europe, and Asia, which were submitted from mobile devices using Yahoo!. They found the following characteristics of mobile queries. 1) Personal entertainment is the most popular queries, and users are searching for a broad category personal entertainment. 2) Mobile query pattern is still dynamic. 3) There exist meaningful variations in the regional query pattern in terms of the quantitative statistics. 4) There are interesting differences among users query of various search applications in terms of their topical interests of their queries. [25,26] examined wireless search patterns for a major carrier in the United States by analyzing Google search queries. Compared with their study in 2005, they found some interesting trends [26]. 1) Users type faster. 2) More queries had at least one click. 3) There are more explorations within one session. 4) Mobile queries are becoming less homogeneous. 5) There are more high-end devices. 6) The percentage ofqueries is increasing.

Compared with queries in desktop, research in [22] showed the diversity of queries in mobile environments was far less. This might be due to the enormous amount of efforts (in terms of time and key presses) needed for users to enter query terms, so that each session on mobile devices had significantly fewer queries than sessions initiated on the desktop [22].

Users for the most part tended to search similar contents as desktop queries, and the percentage ofqueries was vastly larger [22]. [22] also analyzed Google's XHTML search and Google's PDA search histories related to how and why typical users use mobile Web search, in order to better understand mobile search users. Google's PDA interface is similar to Google's XHTML interface [22], but it has the following three main differences. 1) The PDA interface only offers Web and Image searches; 2) The PDA interface displays the same snippet as desktop search. 3) No trancoding is performed before displaying a clicked link. In [23], the mobile search interface provided automatic search result categories to present the user with an overview of the result set. In addition, the interface utilized a focus+context method to help present the result list.

Researchers also have proposed many novel approaches to mobile search by considering context information. [27] proposed a query prediction system for helping enter a query. The system redefined the prediction dictionary after considering contextual signals, such as knowledge of the application being used and the location of the user. Combining context features, [24] provided a novel interface which is well-adapted to the need of mobile users. They provides historical query and result selection data for users to navigate through on an interactive map-based interface [24].

2.2 Text (Lengthy Document) Presentation

Two popular ways to view lengthy documents on small screens in the literature are Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) and Leading Format Presentation (LFP) [28,29]. 1) RSVP presents one or more text words at a time at a fixed location on the screen [30]. Two variants of RSVP, namely, Adaptive RSVP and Sonified RSVP, were detailed in [31,32]. Adaptive RSVP adjusts each text chunk exposure time with respect to content (e.g., the number of characters and words to be exposed) as well as to context (e.g., the result of content adaptation, the word frequencies of the words in the chunk, and the position of the chunk in sentence being exposed). Sonified RSVP plays appropriate sound when a certain text chunk is displayed. 2) LFP method scrolls the text in one line horizontally or vertically across the screen [29,30,31]. Considering that sentence boundary is important in reading, a sentence-oriented presentation manner was developed for a small window, which presented complete sentences one at a time [30].

In general, sentences can be read more accurately and more natural in the RSVP format than in the LFP format [32,33]. This is because when human's eyes process information during fixed gazes, it is more comfortable that the text moved successively rather than continuously. However, the experiments of [34] showed that comprehension for smooth scrolling times square was at least as high as that for RSVP at presentation rates ranging from 100 to 300 words per minute. [35] compared RSVP with three-line and ten-line LFP presentation method, and found out that readers favored the slower speed, and were equally satisfied with the three methods. But [35] supported the use of RSVP, because even with no experience with RSVP reading, participants were able to read just as accurately and were just as satisfied as the other two, and more participants were comfortable at faster speeds with RSVP than the others.

2.3 Image Presentation

To visualize data-intensive images on mobile devices, an intuitive solution is to compress and transcode images to reduce data transmission and processing. JPEG 2000 detailed a progressive transmission mechanism which allowed images to be reconstructed by different pixel accuracy or spatial resolution and be delivered to different target devices of different capabilities [36]. [37] introduced a non-uniform resolution presentation method, in which resolution was the highest at the fovea but falls off away from the fovea. [38] classified images according to image type and purpose, and transcoded images to adapt to the unique characteristics of the devices with a wide range of communication, processing, storage, and display capabilities, thus improving the delivery.

Besides treating an image as a whole, [39,40,41] proposed to separate region-of-interest and deliver the most important region to the small screen according to the human's attention model. They used RSVP presentation technique to simulate the attention shifting process, and noticed that there was an important psycho physiological activity - visual attention shifting. Image browsing on small devices could be improved by simulating the fixation and shifting process in a way similar to RSVP. An image was decomposed into a set of regions which were displayed serially, each for a brief period of time. [39] further described a generic and extensible image attention model based on three attributes (i.e., region of interest, attention value, and minimal perceptible size) associated with each attention object. [40,41] tried to find an optimal image browsing path based on the image attention model to simulate the human browsing behavior. [42] developed a level-of-detail technique to adapt tree and/or cluster images on mobile devices. For tree images designed to visualize a hierarchy of categories, small rectangles in deep layers can be merged into a single larger rectangle. When users tap a rectangle, the tapped one will be enlarged to occupy the whole screen. For cluster images, details of the cluster image including the spheres in the user groups are neglected, when the user is looking at an overview of the visual presentation.

2.4 Map Presentation

Maps play an important role in mobile location-based services. However, they are often too large to be fully displayed on mobile device screens [2]. To this end, [43] used 3D arrows to point towards the objects and by the side of the arrows, the information about distance and name of point objects was provided with text. The 3D arrows were semi-transparent for comfortable visual. City Lights [44] was another attempt to provide a lot of types of off-screen objects information in that direction. It placed along each of border of a window.“Halo” [45] and zooming [46] are two popular methods used in map navigation task, where zooming allows the user to continuously move in and out of level of detail by using distance to the plane, and “Halo” represented off-screen locations as abstract “streetlamps” with their lights on the map. The map was overlaid with translucent arcs, indicating the location of off-screen places. Each arc was part of a circular ring that surrounds one of the off-screen locations. The arcs on the map allowed viewers to recognize the missing off-screen parts, and let viewers understand its position in space well enough to know the location of the off-screen targets. [46] compared user performance between “Halo” and zooming methods. Their work shows that ``Halo" is helpful for low numbers of distracting targets, and zooming helps independently of the number of distracters. They hence suggest that the interface can combine the effect of these two methods, so that the joint performance keeps the desirable feature of the individual performance.

2.5 3-Dimensional Object Presentation

To visualize 3D model on mobile devices, Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and Extensible 3D(X3D) allow a content developer to re-use a large collection of existing Web-Based 3D worlds in the mobile context and develop content for different platforms with the same tools [47]. For location-aware presentation of VRML contents on mobile devices, the user interface was divided into two parts: an upper area where the actual 3D world was visualized and a lower area providing status information and tools for users to navigate the 3D world, setting the system and moving the viewpoint [47]. [48,49] used an integrated camera to visually track physical mobile interaction. [48] provided a 3D interface which can track the movement of a target by analyzing the video stream of the handheld computer camera. The position of the target can directly be inferred from the color-codes that are printed on it [48]. [49] proposed an interaction technique that uses the position of the mobile device in relation to a tracked point as input, as it is believed that the possibility of using mixed interaction spaces is what distinguishes camera-based interaction from other types of sensor-based interaction on mobile devices.

2.6 Calendar Presentation

Showed an interesting fisheye calendar interface called DataLens on PDAs. On the interface[50,51], users could first have an overview of a large time period with a graphical representation of each day's activities. Then, users could tap on any day to expand the area representing that day and reveal the list of appointments in context [51]. The “semantic zooming” approach used in DataLens was utilized to visually represent objects differently depending on how much space is available for displaying. The graphical views were scaled to fit the available space, while the textual views used a constant-sized font, and the text was clipped to fit in the available space [51]. On the DataLens, four views (tiny view, agenda view, full day view, and appointment detail) are available.

There were also some work to explore the visualization of quantitative information on mobile devices. [52] used bars with colors to present negative and positive values, instead of splitting the scarce screen space into two smaller areas.

2.7 Database Presentation

Current approaches for desktop-based database interfaces fall into two categories, i.e., visual interfaces and keyword-based interfaces [53]. In the visual database interface category, visual query specification interfaces (e.g., QBE [54] and XQBE [55]) and forms-based query interfaces (e.g., GRIDS system [56] and FoXQ system [57]) have both received considerable attentions. In the keyword-based interface category, designers equip database systems with an IR-style keyword-based search interface and the systems automatically discover and display the hidden semantic structures that the keyword query carries [53].

However, for mobile devices with a much smaller display, users may feel too heavy and even unreadable when presented with a complete query result satisfying a query condition at one time, calling for new database presentation strategies in the mobile domain. [58] thus conducted a study on how to selectively and dynamically present database contents on small screens. Five selection strategies, namely, Context-based Selection, Context-Cluster-based Selection, Attribute-Cluster-based Selection, Frequency-Based Selection, and Recent Frequency-Based Selection, were designed in order to choose the most potentially useful attributes to be displayed on the screen. The two well-developed methods, i.e., leading format and serializing format for dynamically displaying database query results on small screens were employed. The five methods on both synthetic data and real data were evaluated. The context-based and context-cluster-based strategies were superior over the rest according to the average selection accuracy, while the context-based approach also cost the least selection time. The majority of the users in the experiment found the serial display manner more comfortable and helpful than the leading display manner to get their wanted information from the screen.

further designed a graphical database interface for mobile devices. In this method[59], as soon as a connection was made, the relations in the database were displayed on their interface. Initially, only “top-level” relations were shown, and for the sake of conserving screen space, a nested relation structure was imposed on non-nested database systems. On the interface, users could select any number of relations, and display all the possible join paths between them. The resulting join was displayed on an auxiliary screen, which showed the actual SQL query and the actual answer set for that query [59].

3 Information Presentation via Audio Channel

Given the hard-handling and limited screens, it is beneficial to make use of the speech channel of mobile devices. [60] illustrated a comprehensive list of reasons for audio output. First, voice is portrayed as the most naturalistic way to interact with a system, so speech interface is more natural for interaction. Second, speech interface helps increase interaction efficiency, because speech is faster than any other common communication method like typing and writing. Third, voice interaction avoids “hand-busy” and “eye-busy” operations which happen to the visual interface. Fourth, people tend to think that telephony network is often more trustworthiness than Web. Finally, speech interface can serve as a good input manner, where speech recognition avoids password input [60]. Ease-of-use and the speed of interaction are the two most important requirements for voice interface, and voice interface must be an integral part of the whole user interface of the device, but should not be overused due to the miss-recognition [61].

evaluated reading performance on mobile devices for both a handheld visual display and a speech-synthesis audio display. They found that the audio interface allowed users to better navigate their environment. These findings suggest that users may benefit from an audio display[62]. designed a multi-lingual speaker-dependent voice dialing user interface, which could support speech recognition and speech synthesis[61]. Users need not train the voice tag, and the interface system can generate the tag automatically. [63] offered a speech interface model, where users can use a single personalized speech interface to access all services and applications. This approach decreased the misunderstanding and miss-recognition of multiple appliances.

4 Information Presentation via Tactile Channel

Apart from visual and audio channels, tactile sensation can also be explored for information presentation. The experiments done in [64] showed that a touch-based user interface can provide the elderly an easy-to-learn user interface paradigm. In addition, by tactile feedback, we can reduce possible mobile interaction mistakes, since audio feedback is difficult to apply when the environment is noisy, and visual feedback is also difficult as users have to pay much attention to others and the screen is small. In face, users can feel the vibration with their fingers as they press the screen [65]. [66] did text entry experiments and showed that users with tactile user interface could enter significantly more text, made fewer errors, and corrected more errors they did make.

used paper metaphor to design the switching of scrolling and editing operations[67], where a touch sensor is attached to a PDA. In map or Web browser, when a user does not touch sensor, the screen scrolls according to the movement of the pen when dragging, and when touching, the screen does not scroll and edit while dragging. In the photograph browser, when the user does not touch the sensor, the screen also scrolls the photograph, but when touching, if dragging the pen upward, the photograph is zoomed in; and if downward, the photograph is zoomed out. Dragging the pen left to right invokes clockwise rotation, and right to left invokes counter clockwise rotation [67].

Sometimes, it is necessary to switch among different user interaction modes on mobile devices. [68] outlined five switching ways between ink and gesture modes for a pen interface. Those mode switching techniques are “Pressing Barrel Button”, “Press and Hold”, “Using Non-Preferred Hand”, “Pressure-Based Mode Switching” and “Using the Eraser End of a Pen” [68].

5 Others

Except the above approaches, researches tried some novel methods to help mobile interface design. Considering that users often repeat certain tasks when they use mobile phone, [26] used shortcuts for these repetitive tasks. Some methods of producing shortcuts are evaluated, such as last performed, most frequent, C4.5 decision tree, Native-Bayes Base, and etc. They illustrated that the hybrid approach combining frequency and Native-Bayes approaches exhibits potentials for mobile device user interface.

6 Conclusion

In this survey paper, we gave an overview of recently developed techniques for mobile information presentation through the visual, audio, and tactile channels of mobile devices. The multiple presentation strategies compromise with each other to contribute the easy and convenient use of mobile devices.

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展示技术范文第3篇

第6届手机国际展会于3月26-28日在北京举行。此次展会以“亚洲和手机通信”为主题，吸引了众多手机产业的中外相关企业参展，其中，日本厂商多达50家，村田制作所(muRata)就是其中之一。该公司主要展示的是泛网通信和汽车电子产品。另外，最令人注目的是具有鲜明特色的、集其优势产品与技术于一身的产物，即会骑自行车的机器人――村田顽童。

村田制作所的工程师演示了村田顽童的独特技艺：以超低速在平衡木上行驶而不会倒下，平衡木的宽度与村田顽童的车轮相同。它不倒的原因在于配置在鞍形支架下的陀螺传感器，只要感觉到一丝晃动，就会检测出车体的倾斜，一旦检测出自行车的倾斜，即通过旋转村田顽童心中的大辐板，产生消除倾斜的力。如此反复，以调节平衡。通过收发命令的蓝牙模块、用于电眼照相机的透光性陶瓷透镜、电池、电源模块、电容器、电磁干扰滤波器等部件，以及该公司的控制技术、电路设计方法、软件工具等实现了这种能力。所以，村田顽童是该公司优势技术与产品的整和产物。其中，最为突出的就是陶瓷电容器、陀螺传感器、噪声消除元器件和蓝牙模块。目前，村田制作所的陶瓷电容器已经占据35％的全球市场份额，噪声消除元器件也有30%的市场占有率。此外，其蓝牙模块也在手机中得到了广泛的应用，并且开始计划向在过去两年里创造了便携式音频播放器市场神话的iPod方向发展。

村田制作所还以“车体控制、安全、舒适、信息化”为切入点，重点介绍了其在汽车市场上的综合应对能力以及产品和技术，特别是传感器，该公司将主要面向汽车间距感测、气囊等安全系统力推新品。同时，车身控制和导航应用也是其传感器的重点发展方向。该公司的振动陀螺传感器采用压电陶瓷制造，并融合了最新的MEMS技术，通过独特的振荡子结构，实现了较强的抗振和抗冲击能力，结合其稳定的温度特性，可为汽车导航系统的高性能化提供保证。

另外，实现泛网通信也是村田制作所一直追求的目标，特别是以手机、DVD录像机、笔记本电脑等信息家电为中心，集中展示了他们的相关产品和技术。该公司在移动通信用滤波器的小型化方面具有一定的特色。它们的GIGAFIL介质滤波器与初期型号产品相比，实现了1/2000的小型化。而为将同样的功能从介质滤波器转换到表面波(SAW)滤波器而开发的SAW收发器具有更小的体积，顺应了移动电话小型化的发展潮流。

村田制作所企划管理集团宣传部部长大岛幸男表示：“我们今后将有3个重点发展方向，即无线通信、传感器和节能。此次展出的产品和技术，特别是村田顽童，对整个产业的各个领域都有很大的应用和借鉴价值。”

展示技术范文第4篇

【关键词】博物馆 数字化展览 展示技术

博物馆是国家和地区进行文化和文物保护的重要途径，其作用主要体现在对文物的展示以及相关知识的教育和传播上。博物馆作为人类社会中的一种文化传播形式，其特点也在随着社会的发展而不断发生着深刻的变化。近年来数字技术的发展为博物馆的功能完善提供了有效的途径和良好的工具。数字技术在博物馆建设管理中的应用不仅提高了展览的观赏性、艺术性，还能使各项工作的组织更加的协调、安全、有序，为参观者带来更好的感官享受，同时也进一步提高文化宣传和教育的效果。博物馆的数字化展示主要是通过算机技术的应用将博物馆中的实体文物转换成相应的虚拟信息，参观者可以根据自己的需求选择合适的信息进行浏览，这样不仅提高了博物馆的工作效率，还能更好的体现服务的人性化和多样化，完善了博物馆的功能。

1 博物馆展示设计的产生与发展

博物馆兴起于18世纪的工业革命以后。在当时人们已经初步认识到了博物馆对文化教育与宣传的作用，并开始利用博物馆进行一些历史文化知识的学习。博物馆在发展初期主要发挥了教育功能。为了更好的扩大其影响，很多博物馆逐渐将藏品与存储藏品的库房进行分开设置，这样就能腾出更多的空间进行藏品的展示。这就是最初的博物馆展示。从20世纪初期开始，博物馆的发展方式开始产生一定的变化。自然科学博物馆首先在英国出现。这种博物馆改变了传统的藏品陈列方式，在传统的文字说明基础上开始增加了相应的图片、图解以及模型对藏品进行更加深入的介绍。随后，英国的自然科学博物馆又最早开始使用标准化的博物馆陈列柜，并对陈列柜的材质进行了严格的筛选，以确保更大的储物空间[1]。到了21世纪，博物馆的发展向着更加多样化、人性化和数字化的方向发展。博物馆属于社会的非盈利机构，其主要的功能是向大众展示一些文物以及这些文物背后所包含的文化意蕴和内涵。博物馆中的藏品不仅是历史遗迹，也是人类文明发展的见证。现代博物馆博物馆的建设还是一门综合性的学科，结合了心理学、建筑学、美学等多个领域。博物馆还具有很强的研究和学术价值，是信息交流和传播的重要途径。与此同时，博物馆也是权威的机构，能够为大众提供最为专业性的文物知识，因此，博物馆也具有普及教育的功能。

2 博物馆展示的特点

2.1 博物馆展示信息传递的载体

进行博物馆展示设计的主要目的是为了促进信息传递的效果和效率。从这一层面上来说，展示设计的实质是一种信息传播的媒介。信息的传播是需要有一个完善的系统的，并不是简单的信息接收和传递，在这一过程中还需要对信息进行相应的处理和加工。而展示设计就是通过各种媒体的应用为信息的传递创建这样一个体系，并引导参观者参与到信息传播的过程中，以体验的方式对信息进行直观的感受。计算机技术以及信息技术的发展使得数字技术成为了博物馆信息传播过程中的重要环节。当前许多新建成的博物馆都是数字技术与信息技术结合的产物，在实际应用的过程中也展现出了良好的效果。

2.2 博物馆展示设计是多学科交叉的综合体

现代的博物馆展示设计是多个学科交叉综合的产物，其中涉及的学科包括传播学、建筑学、美学、社会学等。现代博物馆将艺术与科技进行了完美的融合，有效的汲取了各个学科的精髓，又在此基础上形成了其自身的特点和发展规律。

2.3 博物馆展示的交互性

展示是博物馆进行知识和文化传播的主要途径，也是实现与参观者互动的一种方式。要形成良好互动的关键在于沟通的有效性。要形成一个良好的沟通，必须满足三个要求。首先，信息必须有良好的针对性。面对不同的沟通对象时，所采用的信息内容和形式也是有所不同的。其次，在信息沟通的过程中需要根据反馈对信息进行及时的调整。最后，沟通的过程必须是双向的，只有这样才能确保良好的沟通效果。在进行博物馆的展示设计时，首先要考虑的是信息沟通的对象是谁，其次需要根据沟通的对象选择合适的沟通方式，以达到理想的沟通效果，实现信息与参与者之间良好的互动。

3 博物馆展览方式的类型和设计特点

3.1 从观众感官行为上分类

从感官上划分，博物馆的类型可以分为视觉符号的传递以及听觉符号的传递两种类型。博物馆中有很多藏品都是通过视觉信息进行传递的，包括图片、文字、雕塑、视频等。除了视觉符号外，听觉符号也是博物馆中信息传递的重要方式之一，例如许多藏品前都会有语音提示，这是通过红外装置感知参观者的位置，当参观者位于展示品的附近时就能自动产生语音提示。多种形式的感官符号极大的丰富了信息传递的途径，也能提高展品展示的效果。

3.2 从展示内容上分类

博物馆的展示内容主要有两种类型，分别是实体展品为中心以及媒介信息为中心的展览方式。以实体展品为中心的展览方式是最为传统的。这种展览方式将展品以最客观直接的方式呈现在参观者面前，没有过多的说明，观众主要通过对展品的观察和欣赏来形成自己对展品的理解。当前，我国大多是博物馆仍然采用这种传统的展览方式。这种展览方式的特点是展品以实物为主，在展览的过程中展品就是重点和中心。这种展览方式能够充分的体现展品自身的价值和意义，并将展品内涵以最完整、原始的方式呈现出来。观众通过视觉、听觉等感官对展品进行直观的感受。

第二种展览方式是以媒介信息为中心的展览方式。信息技术、数字技术的发展使得网络平台在博物馆中的应用日益广泛，同时也为媒介信息为中心的展览方式发展奠定了基础。通过数字媒体技术的应用，能够为参观者建立一个既具有空间引导意义，又具有信息自动展示的综合服务系统。随着信息技术的进一步发展和普及，信息技术在未来也将成为博物馆建设过程中的核心技术。博物馆本身作为信息传播的重要方式，也具有很大的价值，以媒介信息为中心的展览方式在实体展品的基础上提供了更加丰富的展示形式，能够更好的体现出博物馆的文化底蕴，凸显博物馆的教育意义。

3.3 从物的表现方式上分类

物的表现方式有很多种，主要的类型包括剧情发展展览方式、场景陈列展览方式、形式对比展览方式、重点陈列展览方式、聚集陈列展览方式等。这几种展览方式各有其特点。剧情展览方式是将整个博物馆的展览过程看成一个开端、发展、、结尾的剧情发展过程[3]。简单的来说，剧情发展展览方式就是将展品通过讲故事的方式介绍给观众。这种展览方式不仅显得逻辑清晰有条理，而且具有较强的趣味性，能够帮助参观者对博物馆的展品形成系统性的了解。一般历史革命博物馆、地方志博物馆都会采用这种展览方式，将历史事件通过剧情的方式串联起来，让参观者根据一定的时间或逻辑顺序进行参观。

第二种是场景陈列展览方式。这种展览方式一般是通过选取某一事件，采用雕塑、模型等方式进行展品的展示。选取出来的事件一般具有较强的代表性，对参观者有较大的吸引力和感染力。例如，大庆石油博物馆就选取了“王进喜打井”这一耳熟能详的事件，以王进喜打井的工具以及其日常生活中的工具作为主要的陈列对象，将当时打井的景象进行了重现，并通过声、光、电等效果进行艺术的渲染。

第三种展览方式是形式Ρ日估婪绞健3S玫亩员确绞桨括古今对比、新旧对比、色彩对比等方式。这种对比的展示形式能够给观众留下更加直观的感受和深刻的印象。大英博物馆在进行雕塑的展示时就采用了这种方式，通过巨型雕塑和小型浮雕的对比让参观者感受到展品的魅力。

第四种展览方式是重点陈列展览方式。这种展览方式一般应用于主题博物馆的展示上，展览的过程围绕一个主题展开，根据主题突出展示的重点。例如，常州的中华恐龙园博物馆就采用了重点陈列展览的方式，将恐龙作为展示的重点，根据不同时代、不同类型对展品进行了分类。

3.4 从交互方式上分类

博物馆在与观众进行沟通时最重要的手段是展品的展示，而交互作为信息沟通的主要渠道，承担着主要的信息传达功能。信息的传递是由传递对象、传递渠道、双向沟通这三个方面组成的。在进行博物馆的设计时需要从人、物、场景、时空这几个方面入手，做好这几个方面要素的协调与统筹，为参观者提供多感官的体验，实现与信息的积极互动。博物馆的信息传递并不是简单的信息收发，而是具备信息处理和调整功能的互动式传递。强调交互式的信息传递方式能够将以往以展品为主的被动参观模式转变为以参观者需求为主体的主动参观模式，更好的调动参观者主动参与的意识。例如，上海的科技博物馆建造了一个可以模拟地震效果的电动盒子，置于这个盒子中可以让观众身临其境的体会到不同震级地震的感受，这种直观的体会比大量的文字和图解演说更加的有效。

第二种类型是空间交互展览方式。博物馆的展示空间分为实体空间、虚拟空间、心理空间等三个方面。通过对博物馆的空间进行划分可以引起参观者在心理上的变化，从而与展览的环境形成一定的互动，建立一定的联系。人与环境的互动可以加强环境在人心理上的感染力。

第三种形式是数字智能交互展览的方式。数字技术的应用催生了一系列数字博物馆的产生，如虚拟博物馆、网络博物馆等。数字博物馆为参观者提供了更大的选择空间，他们可以根据自己的需求和喜好选择合适的参观方式。在数字博物馆中，用户也能得到与实体博物馆中相类似的感官体验，可以说数字博物馆是对实体博物馆的一种重要的补充，而且在过程上更加的便捷、快速。

4 博物馆中数字化展示技术的应用研究

4.1 静态平面数字展示技术

静态平面数字展示技术一般是借助照相机、扫描仪等设备对博物馆里的实体展品进行拍摄或扫描，然后通过处理软件对相应的图像进行裁剪、修改与美化处理，最后将其转化为数字图像信息。在博物馆展览中，静态平面数字展示技术的具体应用包括：（1）博物馆可以借助静态平面数字展示技术将一些展品更加清洗的呈现在观众面前；（2）数字展示技术可以解决实物展览中的一些缺陷和不足，大大增加博物馆资源的利用率；（3）由于一些非常珍贵的物品极易受到空气的氧化从而出现破坏，此时可以借助该技术有效解决问题。

4.2 静态立体数字展示技术

博物馆展览中通过静态立体数字展示技术可以对馆藏资源进行有效的呈现，其一般可以借助三维软件对藏品进行实物建模，随后通过Maya、3DMAX等计算机处理软件对立方体、球体等常见几何元素进行针对性的平移、旋转、拉伸等操作，进而构建出一个所需要的立体场景。通过专门的设备仪器对展品的具体结构数据进行详细的测量，对每个展品的表面采样点进行系统的采集，从而获取三维空间坐标，通过数字化可以实现展品立体化数字展示。静态立体数字展示技术与多种数字化图形处理技术结合在一起，可以将一些传统几何建模更加逼真的呈现出来。

4.3 动态平面的数字展示技术

动态平面技术主要有数字化平面交互技术、数字化二维动画技术、数字化影视媒体技术。其中FLASH动画是数字化二维动画技术最为典型的技术；Authorware是数字化平面交互技术中较为典型的技术。越来越多的博物馆开始对自身的网络信息系统进行不断的补充和完善，从而将一些无法展示的展品借助投影、触摸屏等数字展示技术更好的呈现在观众面前，进一步增加馆内资源的科普教育、教学展示。

4.4 动态空间的数字展示技术

动态空间主要是指三维数字动画技术，其一般是借助计算机软件设置和设定展品的尺寸，从而构建出展品的三维立体模型。然后还可以根据展品的实际情况来设定模型的摄像头、运行轨迹、展示场景及光线材质，最终就可以得到我们所需要的三维立体动画。目前，常见的3D软件主要有Maya和3DMax，其一般是借助三维数字动画技术来讲馆藏中一些实物展品信息更好的呈现在观众面前，以达到预期的展览效果。

5 结语

在21世纪的今天，数字技术与网络技术的结合在现实生活中的应用日益广泛，数字技术强大的虚拟现实功能能够在网络空间中为用户提供仿真的三维展示效果，将实体展示与虚拟展示有效的结合起来，为博物馆的发展开辟了新的方向。

参考文献：

[1]严允.博物馆中的数字化展览及展示技术研究[J].文艺生活・文艺理论，2015（08）：35-37.

展示技术范文第5篇

申请人：滦县燕滦果蔬专业合作社

项目简介

万亩有机果品基地的优势：环京津冀都市经济发展圈，且滦县地处北京的东大门要道，地理位置非常优越；在环境污染日益加重的情况下，标准化、产业化的有机果品基地建设符合国家倡导的节能环保的环境政策，有助于提高绿色农产品的国内、国际市场竟争力，促进全球经济一体化发展；该有机果品生产属生态农业，合理回收利用养殖场的粪便，通过有机肥厂进行菌种发酵、实施无害化处理工艺，用于有机果生产的肥料，有助于解决地下水、空气的污染问题；在充分利用当地优势的基础上，引进国外先进技术，创新研发了系列优异品种。其中“一种提高果品产量和质量的果树修剪方法”已申请国家发明专利，申请号为：201310335697.3。

该基地可全部实现宏观立体产业，树上产有机果品，树下种有机野菜，苜蓿草类植物和果树叶片可用于养牛、养羊，转化为有机奶源，属科学发展的循环农业，一旦完全启动，可提高当地就业率，并能带来良好的经济和社会效益。

产业回报率高，销售网络可扩展到全国，是可持续发展的阳光产业。

过去的5年是燕滦果疏专业合作社夯实基础的5年，该基地已经得到县政府的大力支持，有望在未来5年实现直管园区1万亩，销售收入达到3.5亿元，利润达1.8亿元，助农增收每年1.5亿元，有望成立燕滦集团，发展成为滦县农业支柱产业之一，同时成为中国科学院各大专院校科技转换示范基地、小康社会示范基地。

合作方式：技术转让

公司简介

滦县燕滦果蔬专业合作社位于河北省滦县杨柳庄镇王子村南，地处渤海湾，燕山山脉，是中国优质苹果产区，中国优质苹果生产基地百强乡镇。厂区占地面积40亩，成立于2008年，生产基地以滦县为中心，覆盖唐、秦两市9个县（市）区的14个乡镇，现种植果品面积4万余亩，主要品种有苹果、梨、葡萄。合作社管理完善，先后完成国家农业开发项目4个，部门项目3个，燕滦果品科普惠农项目1个。该合作社近几年实施品牌产品订单农业，从基地农产品安全追溯体系落实、农资供应到回收产品等均得到了各个基地果农的认可，产品供不应求。“燕滦”商标已在2010年成为河北省著名商标，2014年申报了中国驰名商标，截止到今年，滦县燕滦果蔬专业合作社已经获得国家及河北省、唐山市颁发的多项省级、市级荣誉。

海洋墓葬方法

申请号：201410135409.4

类型：发明

申请人：梅洪达

项目简介

该发明的特点在于巧妙地将殡葬方法与建立人造岛礁发展渔业有机地结合起来。实行海洋墓葬的棺椁可用混凝土在工厂模具化生产，也可根据需要采用其他大质量棺椁，将遗体消毒后放置棺椁中，涂上密封胶，将盖用预埋螺栓拧紧密封，并在棺盖上镶上墓碑或墓志铭，完成后运至指定海域放入海底永久存放并设立标识。

该发明的目的是为了尽快消除火葬方法带来的高能耗和环境污染以及为骨灰的存放而建设的占用珍贵土地的陵园。据民政部门的统计，全国可供建设陵园公墓的土地10年内全部用完，因此殡葬问题直接关系到民生方面。海洋墓葬不但解决了高能耗、环境污染、陵园建设用地以及永久存放的问题，还为海洋渔业的发展恢复了生机。海洋墓葬是总结了各种殡葬方法而发明的现代最先进的殡葬理念和行为方法。它可以让我国的殡葬事业良性循环并可持续发展实现长治久安。让我们的地球村变得更清洁美好，让人类与大自然更加和谐相处。

该发明的历史意义在于“变废为宝”，使本来要消耗大量能源又污染环境、破坏大自然万物生长的行为，通过人工巧妙地与大自然相融合而产生有利于各方面的发展条件，从而使逝者有了安息之地，又使海洋生物有了繁衍栖息之所，进入人与自然良性循环的生物链。

该发明的优点是：海洋墓葬的方法节约了大量能源，最大限度做到了节能减排又可持续发展，既保护了环境又节约了大量殡葬用地。如此方法得到实施推广将为人类殡葬史又翻开新的一页，逝去的人们不再占用有限的土地资源，并创造出海洋生物的生存栖息环境和生物链良性循环，使逝者入土为安变为入海轮回。因此建议有关部门废除火葬而实行海洋墓葬。尤其在人口过度集中、土地少、老龄化集中的地区实行，使海洋墓葬能解决日益严重的环境问题、土地问题、民生问题，让我们的天空更蓝，环境更好，人类更健康长寿。

合作方式：技术转让；技术入股

一种添加自然地貌的城镇规划模式

申请号：201420419588.X

类型：实用新型

申请人：池昭新

项目简介

该新型城镇规划模式是在传统的“街道连片规划模式”基础上，按严格的科学预测数据添加了自然地貌，并通过调节居宅楼层数与占地比例，将人口的空间密度控制在接近或等于街道连片模式的每平方公里0.8万―2.5万人之间。自然地貌分为城镇功能扩建备用空间与永久性自然地貌，扩建备用空间包括道路、停车位、可再生能源、水源、公共服务等，从而使城镇成为高度适应交通、能源、公共服务及环境发展状况的弹性体系，综合效益高出“连片模式”一倍以上，有助于解决城镇汽车拥堵、能源危机及大气污染等难题。

合作方式：技术转让

太阳能光伏空调冷热机组

专利号：ZL201110292998.3

类型：发明

专利权人：广州西河冷热设备工程有限公司

项目简介

该项目是利用太阳能光伏板直接给冷热机组供电，光伏板和冷热机组之间不需要蓄电池。在白天，太阳能光伏板供电给冷热机，当得到的电量大于50W以后，冷热机启动，产生冷量和热量，可以用保温水箱将多余的冷量和热量分别储存起来。储存冷量的保温水箱叫蓄冷器，储存热量的保温水箱叫蓄热器。太阳能直驱空调冷热机自身的冷热系统是整体式，不存在铜管连接，可提高冷热系统的可靠性，并能减少空调的安装费用。太阳能空调冷热机是一种新型产品，还未进入大规模、大批量生产阶段，该产品还可广泛应用于食品车间、药厂车间等准备新建的车间顶层以及商场、写字楼、宾馆、加油站、别墅、复式、顶层住房等。

合作方式：技术转让

预防高血压、缺血性心脑疾病的保健酒及其制备方法

专利号：ZL201110307401.8

类型：发明

专利权人：赵全成

项目简介

该发明在祖传秘方的基础上，经过多年实践研究而得，以多种中药为主要成分，用白酒浸制过滤并封存一定时间后供患者服用，能提高免疫力，抑制高血压、高血脂、高血糖等。其制备方法简单易行，利用三七花、玫瑰花、茉莉花、红花、桂花、、金银花等原料，可改善口感，服用方便，具有较高的食用价值，一旦广泛应用将带来良好的经济社会效益。该发明具有降低高血压、高血脂、高血糖的作用，为广大“三高”患者的辅助治疗带来了福音，日常服用也具有良好的保健作用。

合作方式：技术入股；许可生产

一种自锁防风衣架

专利号：ZL201320754081.5

类型：实用新型

申请人：陈光西

项目简介

该自锁防风衣架包括衣架本体和挂衣钩。衣架本体通过锁杆与挂衣钩连接，挂衣钩为弧形；锁杆上设有轴孔，轴孔由固定孔和连通固定孔的滑动孔组成，轴孔上设有在固定孔和滑动孔间运动的十字形锁芯；十字形锁芯在滑动孔位置时能够旋转，在固定孔位置时不能旋转，且处于水平位置的十字形锁芯的杆体与弧形挂衣钩内弧的两端位置闭合。通过该产品可使衣架的挂衣钩在挂上晾衣杆时，能自动形成闭合挂扣，并挂在晾衣架上，使衣架不易脱落，对使用衣叉等取挂也很方便。

合作方式：技术转让

混合甲酚高效脱色方法

专利号：ZL201010238134.9

类型：发明

专利权人：温国荣

项目简介

该脱色方法的步骤：配备浓度为0.03%―0.08%的二氧化氯水溶液作为试剂Ⅰ；配备浓度为0.015%―0.06%的硫酸铝、0.01%―0.04%的三氯化铁、0.01%―0.04%的硫酸、0.01%―0.04%的松香粉混合水溶液作为试剂Ⅱ；将试剂Ⅰ与试剂Ⅱ以1比0.5―1.5的重量份比例混合配制成脱色稳定剂；按脱色稳定剂与混合甲酚料液以重量份2‰―8‰的比例混合均匀后，倒入蒸馏釜中蒸发析出混合液中残存水分；用精馏塔对除去残存水分的混合甲酚液进行精馏，即得到合格混合甲酚产品。该发明用脱色稳定剂先行除去混合甲酚料液中的水、中性油及有机物杂质，再精馏获得合格产品，过程简单、高效快捷，成本低廉，无二次污染，产品质量高，长期放置不变色。

合作方式：技术转让

无源接点的无线连接控制装置

专利号：ZL201120031280.4

类型：实用新型

专利权人：傅署阳

项目简介

“无源接点的无线连接控制装置”项目历时多年，在进行了大量的市场调查、分析和技术研究后设计而成。其投资小，技术含量高，市场前景广阔，适用于冶金、电力、交通、石化、煤炭、能源、化工、军工及海洋船泊等行业。可以大大简化电气控制系统的复杂性，同时又可以节约大量的有色金属，还可以形成全新的无线连接全集成自动化控制系统技术的革命。

该装置无论是在设计电气自动化控制系统过程中，还是正在生产运行过程中的电气自动化控制系统，都能配套使用，填补了国内外无源接点的有线连接复杂控制的空白，为全集成自动化控制系统的革新找到了一个行之有效的创新性的节能降耗方法，为科学发展开拓出了一个新途径。

合作方式：技术转让；合作研发

一种挂壁可翻式助力凳；一种安全型便秘助释装置；一种向上翻转式扶撑支架

专利号：ZL201420017878.1；

ZL200810042070.8；

ZL 201220330337.5

类型：实用新型；发明；实用新型

专利权人：姚水福

项目简介

该系列产品可以广泛应用在家庭卫生间的坐便器、洗脸盆、浴缸、淋浴池、病人的床头吊手，当作休息凳用于无电梯的老房楼梯间、门口的换鞋凳。其主要采用铝合金压铸成型，部分零部件是工程塑料，表面均采用仿桃木处理，十分美观，形成了无障碍设施和家庭卫浴装潢新结合的理念，打破了原有的管状类产品感觉是公共厕所或者医院的概念，给居住在无电梯的高楼老年人带来了方便，且可以锁定墙面，占用空间少。

合作方式：技术转让

可松紧拉链锁头

专利号：ZL201320229082.8

类型：实用新型

专利权人：李兵

项目简介

该专利属于闭合扣锁装置，包括：上盖、下盖、拉把、螺柱、锁定块、拨片。下盖上表面设有柱台且柱台位于下盖唇部处中间位置，在上盖设有一螺纹孔垂直贯穿上盖、柱台，螺柱旋入该螺纹孔以连接上盖和下盖。通过在下盖上设计阶梯柱台，在上盖开有通孔并设有锁定块，使得拉锁头的上、下盖不但可以相对地上下分开，而且在正常使用时结合牢固，不会影响拉动；锁定块的设计使得螺柱一旦固定好后就无需再旋动，在松、紧上下盖时，只需手动转动锁定块，不用借助任何工具；不需旋动螺柱，使用寿命更长。

合作方式：技术转让

砂石料自动装车台

申请号： 200520069749.8

类型：实用新型

申请人：李少平

项目简介

该砂石料自动装车台，主要包括台板、闸门和两个侧板。当车辆开到台板出料口下方时，可通过电路控制自动打开闸门，砂石料即可连续自动装入车箱，装满后，再自动关闭闸门，装载效率可比铲斗式装载机提高十几倍。具有结构简单实用和装料速度快、效率高而降低成本等优点。主要用于筑路工程装载砂石料，也适合矿区等料场使用。若与地磅秤等计量设备配合，便可用于煤场售煤，如地面设有铁轨，还可用于为火车装煤等物料。

合作方式：技术转让

牧草悬集机

申请号：201310218733.8

类型：发明

申请人：赵景玉

项目简介

该牧草悬集机的优点：可将牧草悬集机直接连接在割草机上，使割草机割下的牧草一次成形，无需再重复搂一遍。机械操纵悬齿架及悬齿的升起和回落，不受重量限制，可把悬齿做长做粗些，适合收获生长状态不同的牧草，悬浮器及悬齿配合合理，其漏草率仅3%以下。在运用牧草悬集机时，不需要将以前的割草机全部淘汰或取缔，只需将机架作适当的调整将该专利产品的核心技术合理运用即可。作业时无需专人操作，可同时操作拖拉机、割草机和该牧草悬集机，比现有脚踏机省力方便。

合作方式：技术转让

沙漠地区建设地下水库

申请人：哈秋

项目简介

该地下水库充分利用了水资源。主要工程是水泥浆定向喷射防渗技术与水泥浆旋喷防渗技术，工程深度很浅，技术难度不大，工程风险很小，可有效地土保持水土、绿化沙漠，使沙漠土壤可以得到长远的、逐步的、有效的治理。采用机械施工，工作效率高，工程量小，可以大规模作业，工程质量高，工程造价低，工程可行性条件好，综合效益高。

该地下水库集水技术有良好的综合效益，且符合 “节约资源，保护环境，可持续发展”的自然发展规律，是治理沙漠，改善生态环境的重大技术。

合作方式：合作开发

海水养殖用围网

申请号：201310219103.2

类型：发明

申请人：陈炳

项目简介

该海水养殖用围网，使用网衣，网衣有上纲、下纲和网片，上纲连接有浮体，下纲连接有沉子使网衣下沿沉入海底；浮体上安装有竖立的杆子，竖立的杆子部分露出海平面，浮体和杆子构成浮桩；浮桩系有至少两道对称分布的缆绳，每道缆绳的另一端与海底固定桩连接，浮桩沿着需要布设围网的路线设置有多个，沿线各浮桩之间逐个用连接缆索连接；上纲逐个系挂在浮桩超过海平面的位置上。

该海水养殖用围网在布设围网的路线上设置了一连串的浮桩，浮桩用系在桩上的缆绳锚泊，用连接缆索将各浮桩连接成“浮桥”而围网上纲系挂在连接缆索上。该围渔海域仅取决于围网布设时海底固定桩的构建难度，从理论上讲可以无限大。另外浮桥结构稳定性强，围网网衣随洋流漂移小，能抗大风浪，急潮流，且适合深海水域采用。

合作方式：技术转让

防倒味水封排水装置

专利号：ZL201320552277.6

类型：实用新型

申请人：尹庆华

项目简介

该防倒味水封排水装置，包括进水管、排水管和构成两水管交接空间的盒体。进水管由上通入盒体，排水管由下通入盒体，且盒体的进水管下端管口与排水管交错，且进水管下端管口低于排水管上端管口。该装置特别适合安装在公共场所的卫生间男用小便池与地下水管道连接，防倒味效果优异，又可防止蚊虫从地下水管道中爬出来，而且还可以随时打开清理旋盖，清理堵塞物，以保证下水通畅，保证室内空气清新，卫生干净整洁，保护身体健康，是家庭理想产品。

该装置可选择生产塑料材质，生产各种不同规格的产品，且成本低，便于安装，可用于新老住宅防倒味改造处理和公共场所的卫生间及家庭厨房水池、家庭卫生洗面池等，防倒味效果优异，有利于保持室内空气清新的健康产品，具有很高的实用价值，能够得到广大用户的认可，可大批量生产，一旦深入推广将带来良好的经济和社会效益。

合作方式：技术转让

一种具有光亮层的水泥泡沫隔热板及其加工方法

申请号：201210333420.2

类型：发明

申请人：包孝耀

项目简介

该水泥泡沫隔热板的加工步骤：1、将彩砖光亮剂、钛白粉、白水泥、水泥、细沙和水充分搅匀成浆糊状的浆料，再将浆料放进模具中振动，并填实模具形成光亮层Ⅰ的湿胚，然后静置干燥。2、将碎石、水泥和水充分搅匀成水泥混凝土，将水泥混凝土放进模具中振动，使之形成混凝土层Ⅱ湿胚。3、将泡沫塑料层Ⅲ压进混凝土层Ⅱ湿胚的一面，再将步骤1制成的光亮层Ⅰ干燥后的湿胚，压进混凝土层Ⅱ湿胚的另一面，干燥后脱模。采取以上措施的该发明，隔热效果好，光亮美观，加工工艺流程简单。

合作方式：技术转让

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