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入世后企业注册制度改革

入世后企业注册制度改革

摘要:入世后,由于我国市场经济的发展需要融入全球经济一体化的进程,现行的市场主体将发生变化,市场准入制度也将随之调整。传统的工商行政管理的企业注册模式受到了挑战。企业注册制度改革势在必行。综观世界各国企业登记注册制度的历史演变过程,经历了四个阶段:特许主义、自由放任主义、许可主义、准则主义阶段。当今世界“准则主义”已成为市场经济国家所普遍采用的国际惯例,而我国现行企业注册制度的状况是登记与审批相互渗透、相互结合,公司登记与非公司登记的双轨制,内资企业、外资企业、私营企业登记的多样性,级别管辖与地域管辖、指定管辖、授权管辖、委托管辖相互结合、相互交错,不同地区经济的发展差异导致了注册手段、注册方法的多样性。这些现象的产生反映了我们的立法缺乏系统性、公开性,使得市场主体在市场准入这个环节上出现不公平性、不合理性。主要表现在市场主体设立之不平等,市场准入之不平等,市场资格条件及设立程序之不平等。WTO要求市场规范标准,要求准入统一公平,使竞争各方有公平之基础。这就要求现行注册制度必须进行改革。企业注册制度的改革应坚持“高效、规范、简化”的价值取向。主要建议对策有:注册登记机关的设置应集中于一个部门,这样才能体现注册机关的权威统一性和高效规范性;注册的模式采取法人登记与营业登记的分离,即法人登记解决法律地位,营业登记解决资格问题;注册实质的改革应当是变对注册材料真实性、合法性的实质性审查为形式审查;建立注册官制度,在客观上减少行政首长的干预与监督,保持注册权的相对独立性;培育和完善中介机构,既能使企业摆脱冗杂的事务,又能使登记机关办理程序高效快捷。通过上述手段使我国的企业设立制度由“审批注册制”向“准则登记制”靠拢、发展,以适应WTO的基本规则。

关键词:WTO企业注册制度改革

Abstract:WithChina’sentryintoWTO,thedevelopmentofChina’smarketeconomyhasbeeninburningneedofbecomingfurtherintegratedwiththeeconomicglobalization.Forthisreason,thecurrentmarketwillchangewhilethemarketaccesssystemwillbeadjusted.Thetraditionalenterpriseregistrationmodeofindustrialandcommercialadministrationisfacedwithchallenge.Itisnecessarytocarryoutreformofenterpriseregistrationsystem.Theevolutionhistoryofenterpriseregistrationsystemofcountriesallovertheworldhasundergonefourphases:namely,EntrywithFranchise,FreeEntry,EntrywithLicenseandEntrywithRule.Intoday’sworld,“EntrywithRule”hasbecometheinternationalpracticeprevailinginmarket-economycountries.However,inChina,thecurrententerpriseregistrationsituationisasfollows:mutualpenetrationandcombinationbetweenregistrationandexaminationandapproval;two-pathsystemofenterpriseregistrationandnon-enterpriseregistration;diversityofdomestic-fundedenterpriseregistration,foreign-fundedenterpriseregistrationandprivateenterpriseregistration;mutualintegrationoflevel-domination,regional-domination,appointeddomination,authorizeddominationandconsigneddomination;differenceineconomicdevelopmentleadingtodiversityofregistrationmeansandregistrationapproach.Allthosereflectthatourlegislationislackofsystematismandtransparencywhichhascausedinequityandirrationalityinthelinkofmarketaccess,whichmanifesttheinequityofestablishmentofmarket,theinequityofmarketaccess,andtheinequityofmarketqualificationconditionandprocedureofestablishment.WTOrequiresstandardizedmarket,unifiedandfairaccesssothateverycompetitorwillhaveabasisofequity.Alltheserequestthatthereisamusttocarryoutreforminregistrationsystem.Thereformofenterpriseregistrationshouldadheretothevalueorientationofefficiency,standardizationandsimplicity.Ourmainsuggestionsarelistedasfollows:Onlyonedepartmentshouldbeinchargeofregistrationsoastoembodyregistrationorgan’sauthority,unity,efficiencyandstandardization;Registrationmodeshouldbeinthiswaythatweshouldseparatetaxpayerregistrationfrombusinessregistration,namely,theformerforlegalstatusandthelatterforqualification;Theessentialreforminregistrationshouldtransformfromcensoringauthenticityandvalidityofregistrationmaterialtocensoringform.;Weshouldestablishregistersystemsothatinterferenceandsupervisionfromadministrativedirectorswillberelievedsubstantiallyandtherighttoregistrationwillberelativelyindependent;Weshouldcultivateandimproveintermediateagencyforthepurposeofliberatingenterprisefromlongandcomplexprocedureandfacilitatingtheregistrationprocedures.Throughalloftheregistrationauthority’smeasuresmentionedabove,enterprisesinChinawillestablishthesystemwhichdevelopsfromregistrationsystemofexaminationandapprovaltoregistrationsystemofruleinordertoadapttobasicrulesofWTO.

关键词:WTO,enterprise,registration,system,reform