1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法现在事实相反的假设

(1)若表示与，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might+动词原形）；

(2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should+动词原形也可用“wereto+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：

IwouldcertainlygoifI___________(have)time．（现在）

Ifitshouldrain，wewouldn''''tgoout.（将来）

（3）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might+have+过去分词）。如：

IfIhadsetoffalittleearlier，I____________________caughtthetrain．

Shewould/mighthavecomeifshe__________beensobusy．

IfIhadn''''t___________(take)youradvice，Iwouldhavemadeabadmistake．

（4）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：

___________theytime（=Iftheyhadtime），theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus．

____________itbefine（=Ifitshouldbefine），wewouldgoforanouting．

___________Iyou（=IfIwereyou），Iwouldgo．

（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：

Ifit__________rainedlastnight（过去），Itwouldbeverycoldtoday（现在）．

IfI_____takenyouradvice（过去）,Ishouldhavenotroublewiththeworknow（现在）．

2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish/wouldrather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如：

Isuggestthatwe（should）setoffatonce．

Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient(should)beX-rayed．

IwishI____________asstrongasyou．

Iwouldratherthatyou____________toldhim．（没有告诉他）

3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural；Itisrequested/suggested/desired/proposed；itisapity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

Itisnecessarythathe（should）besentthereatonce．

ItisrequestedthatProfessorLi（___________）giveusaspeech．

Itisdesiredthatwe（should）geteverythingreadybytonight．

4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。

在suggestion，proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

Oursuggestionisthatyou（should）bethefirsttogo．

Myadviceisthatwe（____________）sendforDoctorLi．

Doyouknowtheorderthatyou（should）keepwatch？

5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法

在asif引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；

在sothat，inorderthat引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：

Theytalkedasifthey__________________friendsforyears．

Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshecouldtakecareofhermother．

Hetookataxitothestationsothatsheshouldnotmissthetrain．

6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：

在itistime后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。

It’stimeIwasgoing.

It’stimesomebody___________(teach)youtobehaveyourself.

7.由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气

A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。

B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,could,might+动词原形。

C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。

Iwishthathe__________solazy.

IwishI____________wastedsomuchtime.

Iwishshewouldchangehermind.

8.hadhoped/planned/thought/wanted/intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

Ihadthoughthehadbeendeadforatleast20years.

IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheU.S.andstudythere,butshesaid

shelikedtostayinChina.

9.wouldrather.

would(had)rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：

I’dratheryou__________theletterrightaway.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。

Iwouldpreferhedidn’tstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。

Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

10.It’s(high,about)timethat句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。

It’stimethatsomething____________________(do)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.

Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了

11.虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从句中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有：

1)unless(除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若),onconditionthat(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。

除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。

Hewouldn''''tdoitunlessyouorderedhimto.

假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢？

Providingyouhadtheopportunitytogoabroad,wherewouldyougo?

12.sothat(以便)，forfearthat(以免,唯恐)，inorderthat(以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，incase(假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。

他把它藏起来以免她看见。

Hehiditlestshe(should)seeit.

我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。

I''''llgetsomebeerincaseJohnshouldcome.

他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。

Heenteredtheroomquietlyinorderthatheshouldnotwakehisroommate．

13.ifonly

如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式；

如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形；

如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。

ifonlyI______you!

Ifonlyyou_________comeyesterday!

IfonlyLindacouldgowithustomorrow!

IfonlyIhadsaidmoreaboutit!

onlyif表示"只有"；ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。

Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。

Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。

虚拟语气精练60题

1.Theboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.

A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since

2.Ifyouwereoldenough,I____youtogothereyesterday.

A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed

3.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.

A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring

4.Ifwearrivedheretenminutesearlier,we___thebus.

AshouldhavecatchB.wouldhavecaughtC.hadcaughtD.wouldcatch

5.Don''''ttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_____you.

A.wouldattackB.shouldattackC.wouldhaveattackedD.willattack

6.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.

A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe

7.HowIwishI____toreapairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.

A.hadtriedB.hadn''''ttriedC.havetriedD.didn''''ttry

8.Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport___immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.

A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewritten

9.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.

A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew

10.Ifhe___totheteacherattentively,he___theanswertotheproblemnow.

A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknow

C.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow

11.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI___thatyouwerewaitingforme.

A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknowC.wouldhaveknownD.haven’tknown

12.ItisreallystrangethatMarry,whoisstillacollegestudnet,___soearly.

A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarry

13.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.

A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven

14.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI___yourbirthdayparty.

A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended

15.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___friendsforyears.

A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen

16.Itisimportantthatyou___acommunicationwithMr.Williansimmediately.

A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave

17.Itishightimewe___upourresults.

A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum

18.Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechild___.

A.wouldnotdieB.wouldnothavediedC.couldnotdieD.couldnothavedied

19.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_______everything.

A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown

20.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I___himattheairport.

A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmeetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet

21.Kunarcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe___mehow.

A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach

22.Iwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butI___yourphonenumberthen.

A.hadn’thadB.didn’thaveC.shouldn’thaveD.couldn’thave

23.Ifit___anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.

A.hadrainedB.wouldhadrainedC.haveseenD.didsee

24.Hesuggestedthatthey___useatrickinsteadoffighting.

A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had

25.“Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?”“IwouldhaveboughtoneifI___enoughmoney.”

A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad

26.Irecommendedthatthestudent___hiscompositionassoonaspossible.

A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwriting

27.TheBakersarrivedlastnight,ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier,___atthestation.

A.we’dmeetthemB.we’llmeetthemC.we’dhavemetthemD.we’vemetthem

28.Wemighthavefailedifyou___usahelpinghand.

A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive

29.TheLawrequiresthateveryone___hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.

A.hasB.hadCwillhaveD.have

30ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn___nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.

A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes

31.Thencameawordfromourbossthatweall___atpresentathisofficerightaway.

A.beB.tobeC.wouldbeD.shallbe

32.---Helencouldn’tgottoFranceafterall.

----That’stoobad,I’msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif___.

A.she’sgoneB.she’llgoC.she’dgoneD.she’dgo

33Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI___anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.

A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo

34.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we___intheexperiment.

A.shouldn’tsucceedB.couldnothavesucceed

C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded

35.Inthepastmengenerallywouldratherthattheirwives______inthehome.

A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking

.36.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehe_______toseehisclassmatesoff.

A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming

37.It’sabouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.

A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake

38Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicant______alldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity.

A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave

39.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology_______..

A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachieved

C.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved

40.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.

A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling

41.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_______asuddenloudnoise.

A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen

42._______morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.

A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen

C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen

43.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI________inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.

A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall

44.Sheinsistedthatshe________illofhimbehindhim，buthedidn’tbelieveit.

A.hadn’tspokenB.shouldn’tspeakC.wouldn’tspeakD.notspeak

45.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe________afewbooksonworldhistory.

A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread

46.IwenttothemeetingyesterdaybecauseI_______nothingaboutthediscussionwithoutattendingit.

A.didn’tknowB.wouldknowC.knewD.wouldhaveknown

47.Isn’titabouttimethatyou________topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?

A.wentB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo

48.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit________.

A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

49.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe________toyourplan.

A.didn’tagreeB.hadn’tagreedC.wouldn’tagreeD.notagree

50..Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand________freeimmediately.

A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset

51.Ifyou________toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?

AareBwillbegoingChadDwere

52.Ifthewholeoperation____________beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.

AwasnotplannedBhasnotbeenplannedChadnotbeenplannedDwerenotplanned

53.IfI__________harderatschool,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow.

AhadworkedBworkedCweretoworkDwereworking

54.IwishI____________longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.

AcouldhavesleptBsleptCmighthavesleptDhaveslept

55.“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou_________youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.

AhaverealizedBrealisedCrealizeDshouldrealise

56.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you___________now.

Awouldn’tbesmilingBcouldn’thavesmiledCwon’tsmileDdidn’tsmile

57.__________formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.

ANotbeingBHaditnotbeenCwithoutbeingDNothavingbeen

58.Wereshetoleaverightnow,she___________thereonSunday.

AhadgotBmighthavegotCwouldgotDhasgot

59.Thechildreninthebackseatmighthavebeenseriouslyinjuredifthedriver________thatthey

wearseatbelts.

Ahasn’tbeeninsistingBhadn’tinsistedCwouldn’tinsistDwasn’tinsisting

60.ifonlyI_________morecarefulthatday!

AcouldbeBwouldhavebeenCshouldbeDhadbeen